Machineries and Equipment Used in Fitting (Drilling Machine and Grinding Machine)
In the Fitting trade, various machines and equipment are used to perform operations with greater accuracy, speed, and efficiency. While hand tools are important, machines such as drilling machines and grinding machines play a vital role in modern workshops. The book “Fitting” provides detailed knowledge about these machines, their construction, working principles, and applications.
Importance of Machines in Fitting
Machines are used in fitting to reduce manual effort and improve precision. They help in performing operations like drilling holes, shaping materials, and finishing surfaces. Using machines ensures uniformity and high-quality output, which is essential in engineering work.
Proper knowledge of machines and their safe operation is necessary for every fitter to perform tasks efficiently.
Drilling Machine
A drilling machine is one of the most commonly used machines in a fitting workshop. It is used to produce round holes in a workpiece using a rotating cutting tool called a drill bit.
Function of Drilling Machine
- To drill holes in metal, wood, or plastic
- To enlarge existing holes (reaming)
- To cut internal threads (tapping)
- To perform countersinking and counterboring operations
Construction of Drilling Machine
A drilling machine consists of several main parts:
- Base: Provides support to the machine
- Column: Vertical structure that supports other components
- Table: Holds the workpiece
- Spindle: Rotates the drill bit
- Chuck: Holds the drill bit
- Motor: Provides power to rotate the spindle
Working Principle
The drilling machine works on the principle of rotating a cutting tool (drill bit) while applying downward pressure on the workpiece. As the drill rotates, it removes material and creates a hole. The speed of rotation and feed depends on the material and size of the drill.
Types of Drilling Machines
- Portable drilling machine
- Bench drilling machine
- Pillar drilling machine
- Radial drilling machine
Specifications
The specifications of a drilling machine include:
- Drilling capacity (maximum hole size)
- Spindle speed range
- Table size
- Motor power
Grinding Machine
A grinding machine is used for finishing surfaces by removing small amounts of material using an abrasive wheel. It is widely used in fitting workshops for sharpening tools and improving surface finish.
Function of Grinding Machine
- To smooth and finish surfaces
- To sharpen cutting tools
- To remove excess material
- To achieve precise dimensions
Construction of Grinding Machine
A typical grinding machine consists of the following parts:
- Base: Supports the machine
- Grinding Wheel: Abrasive wheel used for grinding
- Motor: Drives the grinding wheel
- Work Rest: Supports the workpiece
- Wheel Guard: Provides safety by covering the wheel
Working Principle
The grinding machine works on the principle of abrasion. The rotating grinding wheel removes small particles from the workpiece, resulting in a smooth and accurate surface finish. The speed of the wheel and pressure applied determine the rate of material removal.
Types of Grinding Machines
- Bench grinder
- Surface grinder
- Cylindrical grinder
- Tool and cutter grinder
Specifications
The specifications of a grinding machine include:
- Size of grinding wheel
- Speed of rotation
- Motor power
- Type of abrasive used
Safety Precautions
Safety is very important while operating machines in the fitting workshop. Improper handling can cause serious injuries.
- Wear safety goggles and protective equipment
- Ensure proper clamping of the workpiece
- Do not wear loose clothing
- Check machine condition before use
- Keep hands away from rotating parts
Maintenance of Machines
Regular maintenance is necessary to ensure the proper functioning of machines. Proper lubrication, cleaning, and inspection help in increasing the life of the machine and improving performance.
- Clean machines after use
- Lubricate moving parts regularly
- Check for wear and damage
- Replace worn-out parts
Application in Fitting Work
In fitting work, drilling machines are used to create holes for fastening and assembly, while grinding machines are used for finishing and sharpening tools. These machines help in achieving accuracy, reducing manual effort, and improving productivity.
Proper knowledge of these machines enables fitters to perform their work efficiently and produce high-quality results.
Conclusion
Machineries and equipment such as drilling machines and grinding machines are essential in the fitting trade. They help in performing various operations with precision and efficiency. Understanding their function, construction, working, and specifications is important for every fitter.
By using these machines properly and following safety precautions, fitters can improve their skills and ensure high-quality work. This knowledge is essential for building a successful career in the mechanical and engineering field.